Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Scientific Reports , Article number: (2025) Cite this article We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply. Topaz is frequently subjected to heat treatment and irradiation to enhance colour, particularly to produce the market's most preferred salmon pink and sky blue varieties. However, an insufficient description of these processes can lead to fraudulent practices. This experimental and forensic mineralogical and gemmological study investigates eighteen heat-treated topaz samples from Ouro Preto (OP) and Caraí (CA), Brazil, using electron microanalysis, LA-ICP-MS, Raman, and optical absorption spectroscopy before and after heat treatment at various temperatures. The most significant optical changes were observed at 300 °C when the CA sample lost its colour from sky blue to colourless, while OP samples retained their imperial orange colour up to 500 °C before transitioning to pink at 700 °C. Chemically, the CA samples are rich in F (> 1.8 apfu) with low trace element concentration (Fe ≤ 125 ppm, Ge ≤ 153 ppm), falling to the pegmatite and greisen field of topaz origin. The OP samples contain less F (1.4–1.5 apfu) but higher trace element contents (Cr up to 204 ppm, Ti up to 115 ppm, Fe, Mn, Ge < 64 ppm), consistent with a hydrothermal origin. Raman spectra show no significant inter-sample variation, but their luminescence spectra feature strong differences: Mn acts as the luminophore in CA samples, while Cr3+ centers dominate in OP samples. The optical absorption spectra reveal distinct thermal responses. The OP samples heated to temperatures ≥ 500 °C developed new absorption bands at 530–532 nm, consequently resulting in a visible pink colour. On the other hand, the CA spectra exhibit strong absorption in the NIR region; the unheated sample has a broad absorption band at 634 nm, responsible for the sky-blue colour of topaz. Heating ≥ 300 °C eliminates the transmission window in the blue to cyan regions, removing blue colouration. These thermal-optical signatures serve as indicators of heat treatment in topaz declared from these two localities. 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This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract APVV-18-0065 and the VEGA Agency project VEGA-1/0189/23. Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovakia Jana Fridrichová, Peter Bačík & Olena Rybnikova Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic Jan Cempírek & Radek Škoda Gemmological Laboratory, Department of Geography Geoinformatics and Regional Development, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nábrežie mládeže 91, Nitra, 94901, Slovakia Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovakia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic Tomáš Vaculovič Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava 4, 842 15, Slovakia Tomáš Vaculovič Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar brought original idea, wrote the main manuscript, conducted experiments, worked on analytical methods; P.B. wrote the main manuscript, prepared figures and tables, conducted experiments, worked on analytical methods; O.R. wrote the main manuscript, worked on analytical methods; J.Š. wrote the main manuscript, worked on analytical methods; S.F. wrote the main manuscript, worked on analytical methods; J.C. worked on analytical methods; R.Š. worked on analytical methods; T.V. worked on analytical methods. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Correspondence to Jana Fridrichová. The authors declare no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 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You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). Elie Dolgin is a science journalist in Somerville, Massachusetts. You have full access to this article via your institution. Anecdotal stories suggesting that weight-loss drugs can help people shake long-standing addictions have been spreading fast in the past few years, through online forums, weight-loss clinics and news headlines. And now, clinical data are starting to back them up. Over a dozen randomized clinical studies testing whether GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic can suppress addiction are now under way, and neuroscientists are working out how these weight-loss drugs act on brain regions that control craving, reward and motivation. Scientists warn that the research is still in its early stages, but some researchers and physicians are excited, as no truly new class of addiction medicine has won approval from regulators in decades. This is an audio version of our Feature: Will blockbuster obesity drugs revolutionize addiction treatment? An RSS feed for the Nature Podcast is available too. Why do obesity drugs seem to treat so many other ailments? Seeking scientists in pathobiology, immunology, vaccinology, epidemiology, drug discovery, focusing on microbial infections and inflammations. PIs & Postdocs for cancer, immunology, neuroscience, stem cell, cardiovascular and related fields Nankai University welcomes global outstanding talents to join for common development. IOP is China's premier research institution in condensed matter physics and related fields. You have full access to this article via your institution. Why do obesity drugs seem to treat so many other ailments? An essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, delivered to your inbox every weekday. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. , Article number: (2025) Cite this article We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply. Single-cell proteomics by mass spectrometry (SCP) is an emerging technology in which hundreds or thousands of proteins can be directly quantified in typical human cells. As the proteins detected and quantified by SCP are heavily biased toward proteins of highest abundance, chromatin proteins are an attractive target for analysis. 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I would also like to thank Cynthia Wohlberger, Amanda Smythers, and Ben Garcia for answering naïve questions about histones and their analysis. Funding for this study was provided by the National Institutes of Health through the National Institute on Aging award R01AG064908 and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine startup funds. The University of Pittsburgh, Organ Pathobiology and Therapeutics Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, funding acquisition, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing: B.C.O. Correspondence to Benjamin C. Orsburn. The authors declare no competing interests. Communications Biology thanks Edward Emmott and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Primary Handling Editors: Mark Collins and Tobias Goris. A peer review file is available. 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